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vent sizing, emergency relief system, risk analysis, hazardous area classification, hazop, safety audits

Vent sizing and Emergency Relief System Studies are undertaken to verify the proper equipment and/or safety precautions utilized during the processing steps. To achieve this objective, the 'study-scope' specification usually covers the aspects of vapour relief calculations, reaction hazard assessment and may include or exclude decomposition reactions depending on the requirement.
The study consists of a number of discrete tasks shown below. The fire engulfment calculations form the most straight-forward aspect of the study. The chemical reaction hazards study is a considerably more detailed task and is usually broken down into a larger number of discrete tasks. This study requires basic data information on the processes also. Some indication of the tasks undertaken as part of the study are shown below:

Task 1 : Vent Sizing for Fire Engulfment
Emergency Relief Vent Sizing Procedure:

A number of distinct steps are common to all emergency vent sizing studies. These are:
  • Identification of credible worst case scenario
  • Characterisation of the fluid reactivity at relief conditions
  • Characterisation of the fluid behaviour during the relieving process
  • Nature of discharge (single, multiphase flow)
  • Choice of design methodology
  • Choice of relief device and its set pressure
  • Calculation of energy/mass flux to be discharged
  • Calculation of the vent nozzle and pipework mass flow capacity
  • Application of safety factor (if needed)
  • Mechanical design aspects / disposal system design

Various aspects of the study may include: Design Approach, Vessel and Vent Line Dimensions, Fire Heat Input, Venting Fluid, Vessel Inter-Connectivity and Common Mode Failure, Mechanical Thrust Calculations etc.

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